arXiv e-prints: http://arXiv.org/
Astronomical Data Center (tables, catalogs): http://tdc-www.harvard.edu/astro.data.html
Astrophysics Data System (journal papers): http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html
The Astrophysics Library has on-line subscriptions to the major astronomical journals: http://library.caltech.edu/collections/astrophysics.htm
Caughlan & Fowler 1988 nuclear reaction rate fits: http://www.phy.ornl.gov/astrophysics/data/data.html
For AGB stars see FRUITY (Franec Repository of Upgraded Isotopic Tables & Yields),http://fruity.oa-teramo.inaf.it:8080/modelli.pl
The Isotopes Project: http://ie.lbl.gov/
National Institute for Standards: ttp://www.physics.nist.gov/
(big database on atomic energy levels, wavelengths of lines of various elements, transition probabilities, etc.)
The OPAL Opacity Code of Lawrence Livermore National Lab, http://opalopacity.llnl.gov
Low temperature opacities (includes molecules) from Alexander and Ferguson, http://webs.wichita.edu/physics/opacity/
The characteristics of the stellar spectral types: http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit1/SpTypes/index.html/
polytrope calculator: http://nucleo.ces.clemson.edu/home/online_tools/polytrope/0.8/
Lots of pretty pictures: http://www.stsci.edu/
Astronomy picture of the day,http://apod.nasa.gov
Centre de Donnees Astronomique de Strasbourg (France): http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/
(includes infrared photometry from 2MASS, http://www.ipac.caltech.edu, optical photometry, radial velocities, proper motions....)
The standard grid of model atmospheres is that of Bob Kurucz of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass. The name of his model atmosphere code is ATLAS. These programs and model grids and flux grids are available via CD Roms and the Internet (http://kurucz.harvard.edu/).
More useful model of stellar atmosphere can be found: http://www.am.ub.es/~carrasco/models/synthetic.html
NextGen models named PHOENIX, http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/EN/For/ThA/phoenix/index.html
Available via anonymous ftp from ftp://nsokp.nso.edu/pub/atlas/visatl There is a README file in that directory.
(from the README file for the visatl atlas)
An Atlas of the Spectrum of the Solar Photosphere from 13,500 to 28,000 cm-1 (3570 to 7405A) L. Wallace, K. Hinkle, and W. Livingston, National Optical Astronomy Observatories. The files collected here were made in conjunction with, and are intended to be used with, the hard copy of this atlas. The files with the prefixes "sp" contain the spectral data from which the plots were made. Each of these contains a 50 cm-1 region with a 3 cm-1 overlap on each end. Following the prefix "sp" is the lead frequency of the segment, e. g., "14150". For the region 13,500 to 20,000 cm-1, the four columns of each file contain, first the frequency, second the deduced telluric spectrum, third the observed photospheric spectrum before correction for telluric absorption, and fourth the photospheric spectrum corrected for elluric absorption. The region 20,000 to 28,000 cm-1 contains no sensible narrow-line telluric absorbers and consequently the files contain only the frequencies and the observed spectrum. The required multiplicative factors to correct the observed frequencies to the laboratory scale are 1.0000013 for 13,500 to 16,000 cm-1, 0.9999981 for 16,000 to 20,000 cm-1, and 1.0000018 for 20,000 to 28,000 cm-1. The remaining files are encapsulated post-script files, one per atlas page. The prefix "ph" indicates the corrected photospheric spectra in Section II of the atlas. The "tr" files are the Section III pages giving atmospheric transmission and the observed photospheric spectra. Finally, "cph" and "ctr" are the compressed photospheric and transmission plots of Section I.
Solar Granulation, http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/sun/granulation.html
Solar movies and observations (Big Bear Solar Observatory), http://www.bbso.njit.edu
Bergbusch and VandenBerg (1992) ApJS, 81, 163 can be found in the Astronomical Data Center:
http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc-cgi/cat.pl?/catalogs/6/6055/
The new Yale-Yonsei grid of models can be found at: http://www.astro.yale.edu/demarque/yyiso.html
Acoustic Waves and Modes, http://whitedwarf.org/education/vis/
http://www.kettering.edu/physics/drussell/demos.html
http://www.astro.fit.edu/cv/fitdisk.html
Also see: Useful Links