Ay 127 Webpage - Spring 2011
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~george/ay127/
Instructors:
- Chris Hirata, chirata[AT]tapir.caltech.edu, x-2563, 272 Cahill
- George Djorgovski, george[AT]astro.caltech.edu, x-4415, 208 Cahill
TA:
- Kunal Mooley, kunal[AT]astro.caltech.edu
Office hours: Tue 5-6 pm in either 250 or 265 Cahill
Times: MW 10:30 - 12, in 219 Cahill
Class summary, syllabus, grading, collaboration policy, texts, etc.
Homeworks & Exams:
Lectures :
- March 30: FRW models; Friedmann equation; redshift and scale factor
- Apr. 4: Cosmological distance scale and the age of the universe
- George's slides (7 MB pdf file)
- Some history:
- A. Sandage, ARAA, 37, 445 (1999) (history at Palomar, as seen by the Old Master himself)
- M. Longair, "A Brief History of Cosmology" (pdf file)
- D. Christianson, "Edwin Hubble: A Biographical Retrospective" (pdf file)
- J.-P. Luminet, "The Rise of Big Bang Models, from Myth to Theory and Observations" (pdf file)
- E. Hubble, "Explorations in Space: The Cosmological Program for the Palomar Telescopes" (1951, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 95, 461; 0.9 MB pdf file)
- Vesto Slipher (a webpage created by John Peacock)
- Who really discovered the expanding universe?
arXiv/1104.3031 link *
local pdf
- Hubble constant, distance scale, and the age of the Galaxy:
- "The Hubble Constant", W. Freedman & B. Madore, 2010, ARAA, 48, 673 (1.5 MB pdf file) * arXiv link
- "Measuring and Modeling the Universe", ed. W. Freedman, Carnegie Observatories Astrophys. Symp., vol. 2 (2004) (lots of good reviews)
- "The Age of the Galactic Globular System", D. VandenBerg, M. Bolte & P. Stetson, 1996, ARAA, 34, 461 (somewhat dated, but a good review of the subject)
- "Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky
Way: Constraints on Cosmology", L. Krauss & B. Chaboyer, 2003, Science, 299, 65 (a brief review, local pdf file)
- Apr. 6: Distances and classical cosmological tests
- George's slides (6.4 MB pdf file)
- Distances:
- Cosmological tests:
- A. Sandage's review article of the classical cosmological tests (pdf file, 6 MB)
- The Cosmological Parameters 2010 - a good summary by O.Lahav & A. Liddle (pdf file), also linked at
astro-ph/0601168
- Report of the Dark Energy Task Force (pdf file), also linked at astro-ph/0609591
- LBL Supernova Cosmology Project and the High-Z Supernova Team
- EAA article on Hubble diagram (pdf file)
-
B. Leibungut, "Cosmological Implications from Observations of Type Ia Supernovae"
ARAA, 39, 67 (2001)
- J. Carlstrom, G. Holder, & E. Reese, "Cosmology with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect"
ARAA, 40, 643 (2002)
- "The Cosmic Symphony", a Sci.Am. article by W. Hu & M. White (2004) (pdf file, 1.9 MB)
- "Cosmic Sound Waves Rule", by D. Eisenstein & C. Bennett, Physics Today, April 2008 (pdf file, 2.7 MB)
- Apr. 11: Radiation-Dominated Era
- Chris's slides (1.1 MB pdf file)
- Some links:
- Books: Longair, Chapter 10. (Note: g* in the lecture notes and most of the literature is denoted by 2χ in Longair). A somewhat older text, but with very detailed physics, is Kolb & Turner, The Early Universe (Perseus Books, 1990), Chapters 3 and 4.
- Subir Sarkar's BBN page (includes code).
- A recent discussion of the observations is provided by Steigman (2007).
- Lithium anomalies: a recent update to the 7Li problem. The 6Li problem is reported in Asplund et al (2006).
- Apr. 13: CMB Spectrum and Recombination
- Chris's slides (8.3 MB pdf file)
- CMB spectrum:
- Double-Compton emission as described by Lightman (1981) and Thorne (1981).
- Everything you ever wanted to know about FIRAS. The "final" CMB temperature paper is Fixsen & Mather (2002).
- Recombination:
- Post-recombination:
- Apr. 18 and 20: Introduction to Perturbations
- Chris's slides (1.5 MB pdf file)
- Wayne Hu's resources (pedagogical).
- The major computer codes to obtain transfer functions and CMB power spectra are CMBFAST
(Seljak & Zaldarriaga, 1996+) and CAMB (Lewis & Challinor, better maintained).
- If you really want to see full GR perturbation theory, have a look at Ma & Bertschinger
(1995).
- Apr. 25 and 27: CMBR Anisotropies
- May 2: CMB Polarization and Nonlinear Structure Formation
- May 4: LSS observations, redshift surveys, biasing, peculiar velocities
- George's slides (8 MB pdf file)
- V. Springel, C. Frenk, & S. White, "The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe", 2006, Nature 440, 1137, available at
astro-ph/0604561
- O. Lahav & Y. Suto, "Measuring our Universe from Galaxy Redshift Surveys", Living Reviews in Relativity, v. 7, no. 8 (2004) also available at
astro-ph/0310642 *
- J. Peacock, "Large-scale surveys and cosmic structure", 2002 Tenerife Winter School lectures, available at
astro-ph/0309240 *
(local pdf file)
- M. Strauss & J. Willick, "The density and peculiar velocity fields of nearby galaxies", 1995, Phys.Rept. 261, 271, available at
astro-ph/9502079 *
(local pdf file)
- J. Peacock, "The evolution of clustering and bias in the galaxy distribution", Roy. Soc. London Phil. Tr. A, v. 357, p.133 (1999), available at
astro-ph/9805208
- M. White's links on the probes of Large Scale Structure
- EAA articles on
Local Group *
Galaxy groups *
Superclusters *
Large scale structure *
2dF Galaxy redshift survey (pdf files)
- May 9: Contents of the Universe
- George's slides (5.6 MB pdf file)
- J. Bregman, "The Search for the Missing Baryons at Low Redshift", ARAA, 45, 221 (2007)
(local pdf file)
- "Missing Baryons and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium" by F. Nicastro et al., 2008, Science, 319, 55 (pdf file)
- J. Feng, "Dark Matter Candidates from Particle Physics and Methods of Detection", ARAA, 48, 495 (2010)
(local pdf file)
- L. Bergstrom, "Dark Matter Candidates", available at
arXiv/0903.4849
- "Dark Matter and Dark Energy" a review by M. Kamionkowski (pdf file) * arXiv link
- "Dark Matter Theory" a review by J. Silk (pdf file)
- "Dark Energy: Seeking the Heart of Darkness", an article from New Scientist, Feb. 16, 2007 (pdf file)
- "The Enigma of the Dark Matter" by S. Khalil and C. Munoz, a review paper published in Contemp.Phys. 43 (2002) 51-62, also at hep-ph/0110122
- "The Cosmological Constant" a good review by S. Carroll, Living Rev.Rel. 4 (2001) 1, also astro-ph/0004075, and here is another one (from an OCIW symposium; local pdf file)
- "Dark Energy", a nice article by R. Caldwell
- "ThePhysicsof CosmicAcceleration", by R. Caldwell & M. Kamionkowski, 2009, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. in press = arxiv/0903.0866
- "Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe", by J. Frieman, M. Turner, & D. Huterer, 2008, ARAA, 46, 385 = arxiv/0803.0982
- "The Yellow Book on Dark Energy", an on-line proceedings of a 2001 workshop
- May 10: Galaxy clusters
- George's slides (11 MB pdf file)
- S. Allen, A. Evrard, & A. Mantz, "Cosmological Parameters from Observations of Galaxy Clusters", available at
arXiv/1103.4829
- P. Schuecker, "New Cosmology With Clusters of Galaxies", available at
astro-ph/0502234
- M. Arnaud, "X-Ray Observations of Clusters of Galaxies", available at
astro-ph/0508159
- R. Gal, "Optical Detection of Galaxy Clusters", available at
astro-ph/0601195
- A. Diaferio et al., "Clusters of Galaxies: Setting the Stage", available at
astro-ph/0801.0968
-
P. Rosati, S. Borgani, & C. Norman, "The Evolution of X-Ray Clusters of Galaxies"
ARAA, 40, 539 (2002)
- ????: Gravitational lensing
- George's slides (11 MB pdf file)
- Chris's old slides on weak lensing (0.9 MB pdf file)
- M. Bartelmann, "Gravitational Lensing", available at
arXiv/1010.3829
- T. Treu, "Strong Lensing by galaxies", ARAA, 48, 87 (2010)
(local pdf file)
- A. Refregier, "Weak Gravitational Lensing by Large-Scale Structure",
ARAA, 41, 645 (2003)
- Y. Mellier, "Probing the Universe with Weak Lensing",
ARAA, 37, 127 (1999)
also available at astro-ph/9812172
and also "Cosmological Applications of Gravitational Lensing", available at
astro-ph/9901116
- M. Bartelmann & P. Schneider, "Weak Gravitational Lensing",
Phys. Rep. 340, 291 (2001),
also available at astro-ph/9912508
- J. Wambsganss, "Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy",
Liv. Rev. Relativ., Vol. 1, No. 12 (1998)
also available at astro-ph/9812021
- May 17: Intergalactic medium and its evolution, absorption systems (guest lecture by W. Sargent)
- Wal's slides (3.8 MB pdf file)
- George's slides from 2009 (5.2 MB pdf file)
- EAA articles on
QSO absorbers *
Ly-alpha forest *
IGM
-
A. Wolfe, E. Gawiser, & J. Prochaska, "Damped LyA Systems"
ARAA, 43, 861 (2005) *
(local pdf) *
-
S. Veilleux, G. Cecil, & J. Bland-Hawthorn, "Galactic Winds"
ARAA, 43, 769 (2005)
-
M. Rauch, "The Lyman-alpha Forest in the Spectra of Quasistellar Objects"
ARAA, 36, 267 (1998)
- P. Petitjean, "QSO Absorption Line Systems", available at
astro-ph/9810418
- J. Charlton & C. Churchill, "Quasistellar Objects: Intervening Absorption Lines",
available at
astro-ph/0006002
- P. Madau, "The Intergalactic Medium", available at
astro-ph/0005106
- J. Bechtold, "Quasar Absorption Lines", available at
astro-ph/0112521
- May 18: Galaxy formation and evolution, star formation history (guest lecture by B. Robertson)
- May 23: Galaxy evolution, scaling laws, star formation history
- George's slides (10.5 MB pdf file)
- EAA articles on
Galaxy evolution *
Stellar population synthesis *
Galaxy mergers *
Hubble Deep Fields *
High-z clusters *
Starbursts *
Extragalactic background light
-
H. Ferguson, M. Dickinson, & R. Williams, "The Hubble Deep Fields"
ARAA, 38, 667 (2000)
also available at
astro-ph/0004319
-
On-line access to Bruzual-Charlot GISSEL models is available at
http://www.cida.ve/~bruzual/bcXXI.html
and the latest GALAXEV code is at
http://www.cida.ve/~bruzual/bc2003
-
On-line access to Leitherer et al. Starburst99 models is available at
http://www.stsci.edu/science/starburst99/
-
A number of other web resources for stellar population modeling
(and other stuff) is available at
http://iau-c35.stsci.edu/Resources/
-
A. Renzini, "Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation"
ARAA, 44, 141 (2006)
-
K. Freeman & J. Bland-Hawthorn, "The New Galaxy: Signatures of Its Formation"
ARAA, 40, 487 (2002)
-
M. Hauser & E. Dwek, "The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications"
ARAA, 39, 249 (2001)
-
T. Soifer, G. Helou, & M. Werner, "The Spitzer View of the Extragalactic Universe"
ARAA, 46, 201 (2008)
-
G. Lagache, J.-L. Puget, & H. Dole, "Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background"
ARAA, 43, 727 (2005)
-
A. Blain et al., "Submillimeter Galaxies", Phys. Rep., 369, 111 (2002):
local pdf *
astro-ph/0202228
-
M. Giavalisco, "Lyman-Break Galaxies"
ARAA, 40, 579 (2002)
- May 24: AGN, their phenomenology, evolution, models, high-energy backgrounds
- George's slides (12.8 MB pdf file)
- F. Hartwick & D. Schade 1990, "The Space Distribution of Quasars",
ARAA 28, 437
- P. Hewett & C. Foltz 1994, "Quasar Surveys",
PASP 106, 113
- L. Ho, "Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies"
ARAA, 46, 475 (2008)
- W. Brandt & G. Hasinger, "Deep Extragalactic X-Ray Surveys"
ARAA, 43, 827 (2005)
- Diffuse X-ray Background:
- A note from Vaso Pavlidou about the current (2011) status of the interpretation of the CGRB
- EAA articles on
QSO surveys *
AGN *
AGN observations *
Seyferts *
QSOs *
3C273 *
SMBHs in normal galaxies *
SMBHs in AGN *
AGN unification
- Wikipedia article on AGN *
and on QSOs
- May 25: AGN-galaxy co-evolution, reionization, the first stars and black holes
- George's slides (12 MB pdf file)
- L. Ferrarese, "Black Hole Demographics",
astro-ph/0203047
- A. Cattaneo et al., "The role of black holes in galaxy formation and evolution",
Nature, 460, 213 (2009) (local pdf)
- S. G. Djorgovski, "High-Redshift Quasars as Probes of Galaxy and Cluster Formation",
ASPCS, 193, 397 (1999), available at
astro-ph/9910251
- F. Hamann & G. Ferland, "Elemental Abundances in Quasistellar Objects: Star Formation and Galactic Nuclear Evolution at High Redshifts",
ARAA, 37, 487 (1999)
also available at
astro-ph/9904223
- EAA articles on
Galaxy formation *
High-z galaxies *
Protogalaxies
-
C. Pritchet: "The Search for Primeval Galaxies",
PASP, 106, 1052 (1994)
-
For the early history of PG searches,
here is a note from one of the pioneers, Dave Meier
- "Primeval Galaxies", a SciAm article by D. Meier & R. Sunyaev (Nov. 1979!)
-
V. Bromm et al., "The formation of the first stars and galaxies"
Nature, 459, 49 (2009) (local pdf)
-
X. Fan, C. Carilli, & B. Keating, "Observational Constraints on Cosmic Reionization"
ARAA, 44, 415 (2006)
-
V. Bromm & R. Larson, "The First Stars"
ARAA, 42, 79 (2004)
-
A. Loeb & R. Barkana, "The Reionization of the Universe by the First Stars and Quasars"
ARAA, 39, 19 (2001)
-
R. Barkana & A. Loeb, "In the Beginning: The First Sources of Light and the Reionization of the Universe",
Phys. Rep. 349, 125 (2001),
also available at
astro-ph/0010468
-
M. Rees, "First Light in the Universe; What Ended the Dark Age?",
Phys. Rep. 333, 203 (2000),
also available at
astro-ph/9912345
-
S.G. Djorgovski, "Black Holes From the Dark Ages: Exploring the Reionization Era and Early Structure Formation With Quasars and Gamma-Ray Bursts",
in Proc. X Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, eds. M. Novello et al., Singapore: World Scientific, 2005, p. 422, available at
astro-ph/0409378
-
S.G. Djorgovski et al., "The Origins and the Early Evolution of Quasars and Supermassive Black Holes",
in Proc. XI Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, eds. H. Kleinert et al., Singapore: World Scientific, 2008, p.340, available at
http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.2862
Some other useful lecture notes and links:
Last changed: 31 May 2011, SGD